A biology PhD student analyzes tanager bird feathers to explore how species evolve over time.
Maria Casta帽o, a third-year PhD student at the in the lab of , a professor of , studies populations of birds to understand the processes that lead to the creation of new species.
Casta帽o collects and analyzes DNA sequences and feathers of tanagers from her native Colombia in South America. Her research focuses on two different subspecies of tanagers, which have different colored feathers on their rump areas: one subspecies lives in the lowlands of Colombia and has yellow rump feathers, while another subspecies lives in the mountains and has red rump feathers.
There are three regions along the edge of the mountains where the two subspecies reproduce, resulting in hybrid tanagers with a gradient of orange feathers. Casta帽o is investigating tanagers in the three regions to find out if the two subspecies will collapse back into a single population or if the birds are on the way to becoming two entirely new species. At the same time, she is investigating if the genes that determine plumage color are moving from one subspecies into the other using the orange hybrid birds as a 鈥済o-between.鈥�
In a biology lab on the River 人妻少妇专区, Casta帽o uses an instrument called a spectrophotometer to analyze the birds鈥� feathers. The spectrophotometer allows her to measure the reflectance of the colors in the feather pigments. She hopes to determine how plumage color allows the birds to recognize members of their own species, either to compete or to attract mates. She is also studying if it is plumage color that is keeping the subspecies separate, despite their reproducing.
鈥淚鈥檓 trying to describe how the birds鈥� genes change along the distribution of the species and if the plumage color changes in concert with the genes,鈥� Casta帽o says. 鈥淯ltimately, I want to understand how interbreeding will affect both subspecies鈥� evolutionary paths.鈥�
Empowering women, supporting conservation efforts
The recently awarded Casta帽o the International Doctoral Degree Fellowship for her research in evolutionary biology and her educational initiatives to empower females. A devout birder, Casta帽o founded her own birdwatching company in Colombia called . The company is also involved in conservation efforts to protect the abundance of bird species in Colombia, which has more bird species than anywhere else in the world.
鈥淚 strongly believe Colombians should leverage their spectacular diversity and consider birdwatching tourism as a major contributor to the economy,鈥� Casta帽o says. 鈥淢any regions of Colombia remain little explored due to armed conflict in the country that lasted for over 60 years. However, now that a peace deal has opened the door for scientific exploration and Colombia鈥檚 biodiversity is promoting curiosity among local and international communities, ecotourism can become a significant source of income for many people. One of the main goals of my fieldwork is supporting local people with their ventures in birdwatching tourism, empowering them with the knowledge that they can earn more by preserving the natural ecosystems than by destroying them.鈥�
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