{"id":498662,"date":"2021-10-28T14:43:19","date_gmt":"2021-10-28T18:43:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/?p=498662"},"modified":"2024-05-02T10:13:20","modified_gmt":"2024-05-02T14:13:20","slug":"rochester-researchers-set-ultrabroadband-record-with-entangled-photons-498662","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/rochester-researchers-set-ultrabroadband-record-with-entangled-photons-498662\/","title":{"rendered":"Rochester researchers set \u2018ultrabroadband\u2019 record with entangled photons"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>The engineers have achieved unprecedented bandwidth and brightness on chip-sized nanophotonic devices.<\/h2>\n<p>Quantum entanglement\u2014or what Albert Einstein once referred to as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2012\/03\/08\/20152\/einsteins-spooky-action-at-a-distance-paradox-older-than-thought\/\">\u201cspooky action at a distance\u201d<\/a>\u2014 occurs when two quantum particles are connected to each other, even when millions of miles apart. Any observation of one particle affects the other as if they were communicating with each other. When this entanglement involves photons, interesting possibilities emerge, including entangling the photons\u2019 frequencies, the bandwidth of which can be controlled.<\/p>\n<p>Researchers at the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/\">人妻少妇专区<\/a> have taken advantage of this phenomenon to generate an incredibly large bandwidth by using a thin-film nanophotonic device they describe in <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/prl\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.127.183601\"><em>Physical Review Letters<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The breakthrough could lead to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Enhanced sensitivity and resolution for experiments in metrology and sensing, including spectroscopy, nonlinear microscopy, and quantum optical coherence tomography<\/li>\n<li>Higher dimensional encoding of information in quantum networks for information processing and communications<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u201cThis work represents a major leap forward in producing ultrabroadband quantum entanglement on a nanophotonic chip,\u201d says <a href=\"http:\/\/hajim.rochester.edu\/ece\/people\/faculty\/lin_qiang\/index.html\">Qiang Lin<\/a>, professor of <a href=\"http:\/\/hajim.rochester.edu\/ece\/\">electrical and computer engineering<\/a>. \u201cAnd it demonstrates the power of nanotechnology for developing future quantum devices for communication, computing, and sensing,\u201d<\/p>\n<h3><strong>No more tradeoff between bandwidth and brightness<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>To date, most devices used to generate broadband entanglement of light have resorted to dividing up a bulk crystal into small sections, each with slightly varying optical properties and each generating different frequencies of the photon pairs. The frequencies&nbsp; are then added together to give a larger bandwidth.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis is quite inefficient and comes at a cost of reduced brightness&nbsp;and purity of the photons,\u201d says lead author Usman Javid, a PhD student in Lin\u2019s lab. In those devices, \u201cthere will always be a tradeoff between the bandwidth and the brightness of the generated photon pairs, and one has to make a choice between the two. We have completely circumvented this tradeoff with our dispersion engineering technique to get both: a record-high bandwidth at a record-high brightness.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The thin-film lithium niobate nanophotonic device created by Lin\u2019s lab uses a single waveguide with electrodes on both sides. Whereas a bulk device can be millimeters across, the thin-film device has a thickness of 600 nanometers\u2014more than a million times smaller in its cross-sectional area than a bulk crystal, according to Javid. This makes the propagation of light extremely sensitive to the dimensions of the waveguide.<\/p>\n<p>Indeed, even a variation of a few nanometers can cause significant changes to the phase and group velocity of the light propagating through it. As a result, the researchers\u2019 thin-film device allows precise control over the bandwidth in which the pair-generation process is momentum-matched. \u201cWe can then solve a parameter optimization problem to find the geometry that maximizes this bandwidth,\u201d Javid says.<\/p>\n<p>The device is ready to be deployed in experiments, but only in a lab setting, Javid says. In order to be used commercially, a more efficient and cost-effective fabrication process is needed. And although lithium niobate is an important material for light-based technologies, lithium niobate fabrication is \u201cstill in its infancy, and it will take some time to mature enough to make financial sense,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n<p>Other collaborators include coauthors Jingwei Ling, Mingxiao Li, and Yang He of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Jeremy Staffa of the <a href=\"http:\/\/hajim.rochester.edu\/optics\/\">Institute of Optics<\/a>, all of whom are graduate students. Yang He is a postdoctoral researcher.<\/p>\n<p>The National Science Foundation, the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency helped fund the research.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Engineers have taken advantage of the quantum entanglement phenomenon to generate unprecedented bandwidth and brightness on chip-sized nanophotonic devices.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":286,"featured_media":498682,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[116],"tags":[19382,18632,18652,15222,7496,23622,17762],"class_list":["post-498662","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sci-tech","tag-department-of-electrical-and-computer-engineering","tag-hajim-school-of-engineering-and-applied-sciences","tag-institute-of-optics","tag-nanotechnology","tag-photonics","tag-qiang-lin","tag-quantum-science"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.4 - 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At top left, a laser beam enters a periodically poled thin-film lithium niobate waveguide (banded green and gray). Entangled photons (purple and red dots) are generated with a bandwidth exceeding 800 nanometers. 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At top left, a laser beam enters a periodically poled thin-film lithium niobate waveguide (banded green and gray). Entangled photons (purple and red dots) are generated with a bandwidth exceeding 800 nanometers. 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